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![]() The swelling (or smectite) component (~5%), crystallite size (N = 10-20 nm), and polytype (2M1 > 1Md) data of illites support the same conditions. Kübler index values for the Yılanlı Burnu and Gavurpınarı sampling locations, 0.47-0.93 (average: 0.71 $\Delta$☂$\theta$) and 0.69-0.77 (average: 0.72 $\Delta$☂$\theta$), respectively, indicate that illites were affected by high-grade diagenetic conditions. Crystal-chemical characteristics (Kübler index, d060 values, and polytypes of illites) from two different sampling locations do not show significant variations. The nonclay minerals calcite, dolomite, quartz, gypsum, feldspar, pyrite, and zircon are also found. Additionally, kaolinite and mixed-layer illite-smectite are identified in some samples. Illite is the major clay mineral in the studied K-bentonites. In this study, K-bentonite samples collected from Gavurpınarı and Yılanlı Burnu limestone quarries are investigated in order to reveal their mineralogical and geochemical characteristics and diagenetic evolution. ![]() ![]() They were deposited on the Middle Devonian-Lower Carboniferous shallow carbonate platform of the Zonguldak terrane. Thin beds of tephra (K-bentonites) formed by the diagenesis of volcanic ash are exposed within the limestone-dolomitic limestone successions of the Yılanlı formation at Zonguldak and Bartın in northwestern Turkey.
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